https://www.jcwst.ir/ Cognitive warfare sciences and technologies en daily 1 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.jcwst.ir/article_251294.html A review of the history of warfare up to the end of the nineteenth century shows that states and commanders, long before the advent of communication tools, resorted to various methods to influence the minds, perceptions, and behavior of their enemies, surrounding populations, and even their own forces. Despite the proliferation of cognitive warfare literature in contemporary studies, the link between this literature and the longer history of methods of influencing perception and decision-making in premodern societies has been less comparative. Despite civilizational differences, these methods, in their general logic, show remarkable consistency in tactics that were based on power, deception, rumor-mongering, spectacle, calculated mercy, the destruction of internal trust, the use of symbols and rituals, the use of religion and legitimization, and the possession of historical information. The present study, with a historical-analytical design and using thematic analysis, identifies and replicates historical examples related to influencing perception, decision-making, and behavior from historical sources. Drawing on examples from the Assyrian, Achaemenid, Greek, Roman, Chinese, Islamic, Byzantine, Mongol, Ottoman, and modern European worlds, the present paper shows how these methods have been employed in various forms. In this, the main difference between civilizations has been not in the methods, but in the political and primary language tools of implementation. From this perspective, the history of cognitive warfare up to the end of the nineteenth century can also be seen as a continuous history of influencing the mind and perception. https://www.jcwst.ir/article_251295.html Background and Objective: The expansion of artificial intelligence, data-driven platforms, and recommender algorithms has transformed the information environment and individuals’ engagement with political reality, shifting cognitive warfare toward intelligent, personalized, and algorithm-driven processes. This study aimed to explain the mechanisms of the algorithmic reconfiguration of political perception in Iranian society within the context of intelligent cognitive warfare from 2021 to 2026.Methods: This applied qualitative study employed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. From a corpus of scholarly documents, strategic reports, and relevant analytical materials, 40 documents were selected through criterion-based purposive sampling and analyzed using MAXQDA. The coding process yielded 92 initial codes, 76 final codes, 27 basic themes, nine organizing themes, and three overarching themes.Findings: Three overarching mechanisms were identified: “algorithmic engineering of encounters with political reality,” “cognitive–emotional activation,” and “reconstruction of the perception of political reality.” The final model revealed an eight-stage process extending from the datafication of political behavior and algorithmic selection to attention engineering, activation of cognitive biases, emotional arousal, reframing of political reality, narrative consolidation, and the reconfiguration of political perception.Conclusions: The reconfiguration of political perception results from an interconnected chain of data-driven, algorithmic, cognitive, and emotional processes. The concept of the “algorithmic architecture of political perception” demonstrates that algorithms have moved beyond their role as mere intermediaries of message transmission and, by organizing visibility, attention, and interpretation, have become an influential technology of intelligent cognitive warfare. https://www.jcwst.ir/article_251296.html Background and Objective: The main goal is to represent Iranian women's identity in Iran International Network during the Ramadan War (based on Stuart Hall's theory and in cognative war).Methods: The statistical population consisted of news items, reports, and analyses published by the aforementioned network in the field of women and media rights during the first 30 days of the Ramadan War. Based on purposive sampling, 20 pieces of content were selected and the qualitative method of content analysis was used to analyze the data. The concept of "cultural-ethical rights in the media" refers to the fair and non-discriminatory representation and representation of individuals and groups in the media.FINDINGS: The findings show that Iran International Network reconstructs Iranian women's identity not only as a social reality, but also as a symbolic phenomenon and a political propaganda tool that often carries anti-Iranian messages aimed at weakening the cultural and gender identity of Iranian women. CONCLUSIONS: Representations mainly include strategies of ideological coding, selection of propositions and directional narrative that in a certain way introduce Iranian women in passive, victim or crisis symbols, which not only does not reflect the real situation; but is also part of the media and psychological war against Iran that shows the violation of Iranian women's media rights in the contemporary era. From a legal perspective, directional representation of Iranian women can conflict with the principles of cultural-moral rights in the media and highlights the need to formulate media policies to protect these rights. https://www.jcwst.ir/article_251943.html Cognitive warfare by affecting the perceptions, beliefs and behaviors of individuals and groups is a new field in modern battlefields and its goal is to dominate his thoughts and ideas. For this reason, command and control has become a vital element in cognitive warfare.As battle scenes become more complex, artificial intelligence is considered as one of the key factors in improving decision-making and reducing human errors, and is recognized as a key tool in military and security developments. This article examines the application of artificial intelligence technology in intelligent command and control systems. The main goal of the research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of artificial intelligence in the command and control of cognitive warfare. This research is of applied type and using qualitative method, data was collected from library sources and interviews with 5 experts and then analyzed using MAX QDA software. The results show that the use of artificial intelligence in command and control systems is not only effective, but also has an acceptable operational efficiency, which allows commanders to increase the speed of decision-making to respond to threats and reduce the level of human decision-making error. https://www.jcwst.ir/article_253161.html Background and Objective: The infiltration of cognitive sciences and technologies into strategic and military domains has led to the emergence of a new field of study—cognitive warfare—and has driven a growing body of scientific research in this area. Despite contributing to the development of knowledge in this field, many of these studies are not free from methodological errors. Researchers, either knowingly or unknowingly, have committed various fallacies. The purpose of this study is to identify methodological fallacies in research related to cognitive warfare.Methods: To identify methodological fallacies in cognitive warfare research, a qualitative content analysis approach focusing on manifest content was employed. The analyzed materials consisted of articles published in reputable peer-reviewed academic journals under the topic of cognitive warfare. Findings: The content analysis of the selected studies revealed several recurring methodological fallacies, including: Eclecticism fallacy, methodological intuitionism fallacy, Epistemic fallacy, false causality fallacy, causal reductionism fallacy, homogeneity fallacy, reductionism fallacy.Conclusions: The identified fallacies suggest that the current trajectory of scientific research in the field of cognitive warfare has, in some cases, deviated from the path of the scientific method and veered toward pseudoscience or non-scientific reasoning. Therefore, strict adherence to methodological principles and considerations is crucial and must be seriously emphasized and evaluated in future research within this domain https://www.jcwst.ir/article_248327.html Background and Objective: Explaining the requirements for designing cognitive warfare games at the tactical level.Method: This applied study used a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through document analysis, expert panel sessions, and semi‑structured interviews with 12 experts, and analyzed using MAXQDA. In the quantitative phase, 82 participants were selected from a population of 102 cognitive science experts. Data were collected using a researcher‑made questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS. Findings: The most important design requirements were identified in the cognitive–perceptual dimension. Indicators such as representation of mental and perceptual patterns, modeling of cognitive biases, simulation of decision‑making under pressure and ambiguity, and real‑time feedback obtained the highest mean scores. In addition, informational–narrative, technological–adaptive, human–educational, and cultural–ethical dimensions were identified as complementary components.Conclusion: The design of cognitive warfare games at the tactical level should focus on simulating decision‑making processes under pressure and information conflict. It should also employ adaptive artificial intelligence, multi‑narrative scenarios, real‑time cognitive behavior analysis, and cultural localization to enhance decision‑making training and strengthen the cognitive resilience of forces.